NUCLEOLIN and cancer: The extent of decrease of cell viability achieved with CDR3-grafted VHHs against 4T1 cancer cells, was similar to the one observed against the MDA-MB-435S cells (at 4 μM, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 for αNCL-CDR3 and αNCL-CDR3-L, respectively, and at 8 μM, p < 0.001 for all anti-nucleolin VHHs, relative to the parental VHH) (Fig. 3b).