Mechanical traction and stimulation remarkably upregulate the expression of IL-33 in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, as well as levels of ST2 (sST2 levels are significantly higher than those of ST2), and then sST2 exhibits competitive inhibition, thereby blocking the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway and attenuating the protective effect of IL-33 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis [23, 24]. Here, IL33 is linked to Myocardial fibrosis.