Endothelial activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was observed in animal models of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, and endothelial production of IL-1β has been shown to contribute to diverse pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and chronic kidney disease [27, 29, 32, 42–44]. Here, NLRP3 is linked to familial hypercholesterolemia.