In one study, human BM-MSCs transfected with TSG-6 were infused to treat severe acute pancreatitis based on the premise that the effect of MSCs was partially due to activation by signals from injured tissues and the secretion of multifunctional anti-inflammatory protein tumour necrosis factor-α-stimulated gene/induced protein 6 (TSG-6/TNAIP6), leading the authors to hypothesize that infused MSCs exerted their key effects primarily via the secretion of TSG-6 [47]. The gene discussed is TNFAIP6; the disease is acute pancreatitis.