INS and Hypoinsulinemia: However, the lack of insulin resulting from the damage of the insulin-producing cells produces hyperglycemia that can also increase Aβ aggregation (MacAuley et al., 2015; Chao et al., 2016), making it difficult to elucidate if the increases in extracellular Aβ are due to the hypoinsulinemia and/or the glucotoxicity.