CD40LG and malaria: In absence of a continuous morbidity surveillance at antenatal care units to identify malaria cases and exclude from the analysis those women without proven exposure during pregnancy (i.e., having had a malaria episode), these results suggest that adjusting for IgM as markers of exposure to the parasite can control for the heterogeneity of exposure [28] and contribute to identify those IgG that may have a role in protection.