In line with our observations, TGF-β1 has been implicated in the development of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor progression, and metastasis in the context of gastric cancer.[12,13] Suda et al[14] reported higher expressions of TGF-β1 in both plasma and tumor tissues with increase in tumor grade, which is consistent with the findings in the present study. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.