PDCD1 and Sepsis: No information is currently available on irAEs derived from immune checkpoint blockade in sepsis and septic shock, as the NCT02960854 clinical trial remains unpublished at the time of writing, but in the context of liver studies, the majority of irAEs reported in the ‘CheckMate 040’ clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab were mild (mainly dermatological and gastrointestinal; 75% below grade 3), with low occurrence of severe irAEs (6%) and no treatment-related deaths [110].