TNF and cancer: The enrichment analysis of genes in the green module revealed that they could encode protein functioning as growth factor binding, platelet-derived growth factor binding, insulin-like growth factor binding, transforming growth factor beta binding, etc. They were also involved in the MF category and pathways relevant to tumorigenesis and tumor progression such as angiogenesis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, etc. These results can explain the correlations between the green module and pathologic T stage and histologic grade.