This was not only a huge excess over GpL-TNF (MW 100,000), which was applied with 2–50 ng/ml (approximately 0.02–0.5 nM), but also far higher than the PGRN concentrations used in the literature to modulate TNF signaling, or than the PGRN levels in the synovial fluid of patients suffering on rheumatoid arthritis (68 ng/ml) or malignant lymphomas (91.3 ng/ml) (36, 37). Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.