While neither MAIT cells, whose TCRs recognize riboflavin-based metabolites in the context of MR1 (35), nor Vδ2+ γδT cells, whose TCRs recognize phospho-antigens through Butyrophilin 3A1 (36, 37), can directly sense virus-derived antigens, both populations can be activated by viral infections in vitro (3, 6, 13). The gene discussed is MR1; the disease is viral infectious disease.