Interestingly, looking at the later time-points in gestation (weeks 17–21) suggests (though not significantly) that later in gestation INSL3 concentration becomes reduced in cases versus controls, thus lending support to the recent studies indicating a reduced INSL3 concentration in the cord blood of infants with cryptorchidism (Bay et al., 2007; Fenichel et al., 2015). The gene discussed is INSL3; the disease is cryptorchidism.