Amongst these SGA pregnancies, and as suggested by others (Main et al., 2006), there appeared to be an increased risk of hypospadias and cryptorchidism (together 9% of all cases compared to 5% of control pregnancies), although none of the measured biomarkers, including INSL3, showed any association (negative or positive) with SGA. The gene discussed is INSL3; the disease is hypospadias.