INSL3 and hypospadias: Moreover, when attempting to identify possible factors with a negative impact on Leydig cell functionality, the phthalate metabolites 5cx-MEPP or 7cx-MMeHP indicated the requisite negative correlation with INSL3 and/or androstenedione, without, however, implicating these compounds directly in the etiology of cryptorchidism or hypospadias.