ABCD1 and adrenoleukodystrophy: Although neurodegeneration reminiscent of ALD has been successfully modeled in ACS loss-of-function flies (Min and Benzer, 1999; Sivachenko et al., 2016), the analysis of orthologs of the X-linked ALD (X-ALD) human disease gene (ABCD1) in animal models has remained elusive (Kobayashi et al., 1997) – in vertebrates likely due to gene duplication.