In vitro studies showed that increased expression of Pyk2 in human lung cancer cells upregulated the expression of ALDH1a1, ABCG2 and Bmi-1, and enhanced colony formation in soft agar [54], while knockdown of Pyk2 expression inhibited anchorage-independent survival and proliferation of NSCLC cells [56]. This evidence concerns the gene PTK2B and non-small cell lung carcinoma.