The immune dysfunction in CKD patients leads to an accelerated tissuedegeneration (as consequence of chronic inflammation) and increased rate of sepsis(because of a poor immune response) and are an important target to reducemortality6 once inflammation is acardio-renal connector for CRS4 development.30,31 The cytokine TNF-α is an important markerfor inflammatory processes, being able to predict mortality linked to cardiovasculardiseases in patients on dialysis.32 In ourstudy, αTNF expression was increased in CKD, with a peak at 4W that was reduced at8W. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic kidney disease.