INS and Insulin resistance: Of note, NT157 treatment not only abolished NGF effect on glucose uptake in insulin resistance, but it also further reduced glucose metabolism, as compared to control (NGF + NT157 vs DIV10 CTR, **p < 0.01; Fig. 4e) and insulin resistant conditions (RN + NT157 vs RI; *p < 0.05; Fig. 4f), suggesting that most of the glucose uptake likely occurs under the IRS control in cholinergic neurons.