The mRNA expression file chip analysis, clustering analysis of the gene function according to the DAVID database, and real-time qPCR verification indicate that the improvement in learning and memory induced by Cordyceps polypeptide treatment in the mouse model of learning and memory impairments is likely related to its effects on Pik3r5, Il-1β, and Slc18a2, and these three genes may be the potential targets for Cordyceps militaris. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and memory impairment.