AKT1 and neoplasm: Reduced CI activity upon NDUFV1 downregulation has shown to decrease the NAD+/NADH ratio, promoting tumor metastasis in vivo, while treating cancer cells with NAD+ precursors prevents this phenotype by inducing autophagy and downregulating the Akt and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, in a ROS independent fashion [66].