INS and hypertriglyceridemia: Brandt et al. [17] found that HCA did not ameliorate hypertriglyceridemia, plasma insulin or liver glycogen levels when co-administered with a HS diet (50% fructose w/w); however, in chicken embryos, HCA significantly increased plasma glucose but also hepatic glycogen [46], implicating some sort of efficient anabolic utilization of glucose that should be further investigated.