Given that MAVS is a mitochondrial protein and Smurf1 can regulate MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 proteins during RNA virus infection, we speculate that upregulated Smurf1 proteins by viral infection could be able to localize to the mitochondria to interact with the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 signalosome. The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is viral infectious disease.