More recently, CD109 was reported to act as a novel pro-metastatic factor in a lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, and high levels of CD109 resulted in the activation of Jak-Stat3 signalling pathways in cancer cells suggesting that the direct targeting of CD109 could be of therapeutic benefit in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting [41]. Here, STAT3 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.