In addition, neoepitope-specific T cells have been identified as an important target of immune checkpoint blockade therapy of patients with metastatic melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer i.e. treatment with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and/or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies [33]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.