The occurrence of splenomegaly in response to severe systemic inflammation has been shown also in humans (Arismendi-Morillo et al., 2004) and has been correlated with, among others, TNF-α- and IL-6-mediated elevation of serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels in spleen tissue (Valdés-Ferrer et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Splenomegaly.