HESX1 and hypopituitarism: The pituitary transcription factors LIM Homeobox 3(LHX3), SRY-Box 2 (SOX2) and HESX homeobox 1 (HESX1) are vital for early patterning of the forebrain and pituitary, and mutations in these developmental genes result in syndromic hypopituitarism with gonadotropin deficiency in humans (Kelberman et al., 2009).