In post-mortem brains of ALS and FTD patients, however, the localization of TDP-43 or, less frequently, FUS is dramatically altered: TDP-43 or FUS are lost from the nucleus of many neurons and glial cells and accumulate in large cytoplasmic protein aggregates, also called inclusions13–15. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.