Focusing on the modulation of immune responses by EVs in the acute phase of infection, only after stimulation with EVs from YuYu (DTU TcI) and CL-14 (DTU TcVI), peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice produced high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) and NO, via the TLR-2. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.