In addition, similar to phenotype of Cc-ME in gastritis model, increased mRNA levels of inflammatory genes (COX-2, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α) were also significantly suppressed in both Cc-ME- and ranitidine-treated groups (Figure 4(e)). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and gastritis.