VEGFA and malnutrition: ELGANs experiencing the highest incidence of destaturations, bradycardia, and apnea were more vulnerable to malnutrition, extrauterine growth restriction, and nutrient deficits [24], associated with persistent low serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, which, together with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plays a crucial role in normal and aberrant retinal angiogenesis and vascular development [25,26,27].