TGFB1 and cancer: LMP1 behaves as a constitutively active tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, signalling via numerous pathways commonly deregulated in cancer including NF-κB1 and NF-κB2, ERK-MAPK, PI3K/Akt, JNK/SAPK, p38-MAPK and activin A/TGFβ [6,7].