The baseline patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics according to tertiles of IGFBP‐2 and PAPP‐A are shown in Table 1 for the 301 women (with complete NPI and IGF data) with early‐breast cancer treated by surgery (with and without adjuvant therapies) at the Odense University Hospital, from 1993 to 1998. The gene discussed is PAPPA; the disease is neoplasm.