INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Anthocyanins are a class of flavonoids classified as bioactive food have been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, and fat accumulation in obese mice fed to a high fat diet and in vertebrates studies identify a beneficial effect by anthocyanins in combating inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity [25, 42, 43].