TGFB1 and neoplasm: Given TGFβ’s ability to work as both an autocrine and paracrine factor,34 sequestration of TGFβ in the TME by M7824 (Fig. 1), as well as cytokine production by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (Fig. 5), could lead to phenotypic changes to non-immune cells in the TME, such as tumor and stromal cells.