In addition to high neutrophil counts, neutrophil activity was found to be altered in pulmonary fibrosis; biopsies from patients with pulmonary fibrosis show NET expression close to myofibroblasts and neutrophil elastase levels are higher in lavage fluid and plasma of IPF patients compared to nonsmoker controls (Chrysanthopoulou et al., 2014; Obayashi et al., 1997). The gene discussed is ELANE; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.