Strikingly, the growth of tumor xenografts produced by HCC-827 (Figure 1F, p < 0.0002), HTB-182 and A549 (Supplementary Figure 2A, B; p < 0.0001 and p < 0.003, respectively) cells was halted (Figure 1F) or reduced 3–4 fold by PG545, altogether implying that heparanase promotes lung cancer progression and that heparanase inhibitors can be applied to attenuate tumor growth. Here, HPSE is linked to lung cancer.