SERPINF1 and cancer: Previous studies have also demonstrated that PEDF expression is downregulated with worsening prognostic factors in a range of cancers [11–12, 15, 17–20] and that treatment with recombinant PEDF has shown some benefit in cellular functional models [14, 19, 21–27], likely due, in part, to PEDF inhibiting aberrant angiogenesis, which leads to normalisation of healthy vasculature.