Knockdown of AR by siRNA in an AR-positive cancer-associated fibroblast line produced significant differences in the expression of several growth factor genes, and the proliferation and migration of PC3 cells in transwell co-cultures [40], and the transfection of human AR into AR-deficient mouse Sertoli cells significantly altered the expression of 672 genes in the absence of androgen stimulation [41]. Here, AR is linked to cancer.