Although other transcription factors, including TP53 tumor suppressor and KRAS proto-oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, are involved in PD-1 blockade immunotherapy [23], the correlation between lower NF-κB levels and GBM prognosis represents a potential therapeutic pathway by targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis and has also been reported in breast cancer [24]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.