In a later study, with a different cohort of 55 children that exhibited AHR and wheezing, bronchial biopsies reviewed epithelial loss, basement membrane thickening, angiogenesis, inflammatory cells, IL-4+, and IL-5+ cells typical of asthma in both nonatopic and atopic wheezing children when compared to non-atopic, non-wheezing control subjects9. Here, IL4 is linked to asthma.