There are several diseases and disorders associated with VGCCs affecting the survivability of patients, for example, hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) resulting from missense mutations in Cav1.1 affect the second decade of life35, and Timothy syndrome due to de novo gain of function mutation in the pore-forming Cav1.2 causes lethal tachycardia and reduce life expectancy by 2.5 years36. This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1S and hypokalemic periodic paralysis.