Myofibroblast transition and ECM overproduction are known to be induced by several profibrotic mediators, including transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), endothelin-1 (ET-1), cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-6 and CCL18), whose circulating levels are increased in patients with SSc. Here, TGFB1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.