Axonal injury, found to progress years post-injury, may increase the risk of neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology, such as extracellular insoluble aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, and accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau (HPtau) into neurofibrillary tangles (NFT)9,10. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.