The gynecological diseases they suffered included four major classes of benign cysts, i.e., pelvic inflammatory cysts, adnexal retention cysts, ovarian endometrioma and benign/borderline cystadenoma, which need to be discriminated from early-stage ovarian cancer due to the high-risk manifestations, such as long-term abdominal pain (inflammatory cysts), progressive CA125 elevation (ovarian endometrioma, benign/borderline cystadenoma), rapid tumor enlargement (retention cysts) and postmenopausal pelvic mass (retention cysts) [6, 7, 23, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC16 and ovarian carcinoma.