TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In experimental STZ‐induced T1D models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, NF‐κB activation was shown to be correlated with the increased release of IL‐1β and TNF‐α.113, 114, 115 Moreover, elevated levels of these two pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been found in the circulation and hearts of patients with T2D.116 In fact, several studies report a strong correlation between the characteristic hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy and the levels NF‐κB and cytokines.113 It should be noted that cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts express receptors for IL‐1β and TNF‐α.