A great interest has been focusing on the use of KD in the treatment of AD for two main reasons: (i) KD was shown to decrease the production of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and therefore the βamyloid peptide; and (ii) KD was related to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and then to the decrease of systemic inflammation [89,90]. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.