LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: First, augmented LRRK2 kinase activity and autophosphorylation may serve as biomarkers for presymptomatic diagnosis of PD, as autophosphorylation state has been correlated with PD.15 Second, pS1292 LRRK2 could be used to monitor the efficacy of pharmacological kinase inhibition in a therapeutic context.