Although results of these studies can be only partially translated to humans, due to profound differences in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (a multifactorial disease with a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors) respect to this genetic model [4], these mice are characterized by overweight, insulin resistance, and high plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and develop sustained hyperglycemia as early as six weeks after birth [5], whose occurrence is driven by a peripheral-impaired insulin action and a progressive β-cell failure [6]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.