In addition, CD74 shRNA increased U87 cells response to temozolomide [82] and blockade of CXCR4, through the small molecule antagonist AMD-3100 diminished intracranial growth and proliferation of the tumor and augmented apoptosis, due to the decreased activation of ERK-1 and 2 and AKT [135]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is neoplasm.