RAC1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: There were no significant differences in relative Rac1/GAPDH expression between T2D patients with NPDR and those with PDR (NPDR, 0.17 [IQR 0.15–0.25] vs. PDR, 0.17 [IQR 0.12–0.22]; P = 0.403; Figure 3A), and patients with higher EPC levels and those with lower EPC levels (EPC ≤ 4 cells/105 events, 0.16 [IQR 0.12–0.19] vs. EPC > 4 cells/105 events, 0.17 [IQR 0.13–0.26]; P = 0.273; Figure 3B).