MMP9 and neoplasm: Induction of VM in primary tumours of 4T1+ASA/Cl mice was confirmed by higher expression of VE-cadherin (VE-CAD) and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (Slpi) (Figure 3H) with no change in MMP-9, all reported to be markers of VM [24, 22, 25, 26].