CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: As tumor tissue PDL1 assessment by IHC is currently recommended by all the international guidelines as diagnostic test for patients with advanced NSCLC who are candidate to receive upfront treatment [3], the possibility to detect and monitor PDL1 expression in the plasma before and during the course of therapies could play an important role in the management of NSCLC patients, especially when tissue is not available at the time of diagnosis or tissue analysis results are not evaluable.